Cisco CCNA Certification: Passwords, Passwords, Passwords!

Telepresence and Holography / Holograms - November 2008

Editor’s viewpoint on their differences, likenesses and future...

We all just recently viewed an historic CNN holographic interview on an historic Election Night. CNN stated this type of imaging has never been done before on National TV and I believe that. I haven’t seen anything like it. The live interview caught me by surprise and sure had the “wow” factor attached to it didn’t it? Here’s a link to the actual interview.

CNN Hologram Video

The question now has to be asked. Is it Telepresence?

I’m no expert on the subject but I’m going to throw my hat into the ring, go out on a limb and say yes, I believe it is. Although I know many video conferencing purists are rolling their eyes and grabbing their guns right about now with my statement.

While I do know that Telepresence still hasn’t been universally defined (Houston, we have a problem), here’s how I see it…. Broken down to its simplest form - “tele” (through electronic means) and “presence” (present). This is how I’m justifying my opinion by lumping holography and Telepresence together. Just as Telepresence is surely an offshoot of video conferencing, holographic imaging (like we viewed on CNN) surely has to be considered an offshoot of Telepresence. The interviewer was “telepresent” from Chicago and beamed into the CNN Election Headquarters. She was most assuredly - “telepresent”. There was negligible latency, the imaging was fantastic and both interviewers were rehearsed on what they would say. I’ve just recently read that CNN actually “downgraded” the experience to make it “movie” quality and not as good as it could have been. Maybe they thought us mere mortals would be shocked if they showed their complete hand. I have a feeling it was so big to them, they didn’t want it to get upstaged by the historic election. I’m willing to bet we’ll see the “true” power of this technology in the upcoming weeks and months when they can put the pedal to the medal and show it off without having it sidetracked.

What an amazing time for this technology (all differences and opinions aside). Telepresence Doctors, nurses, teachers, schools and healthcare (healthpresence) will benefit from the recent gains in this state-of-the-art industry whether holograms, Telepresence or holography. Airlines also have to see the threat to a portion of their business travel. Hell, who wants go through security and fly to Miami for a two-hour conference when you can look them in the eye via Telepresence?

Beam me up Scotty! Simply amazing…!

Visit the free Telepresence Forum for more information and discussion

Your Editor and Administrator - L II
"Ride on the Next Plane of Existence" TM

When you're looking at a Cisco router configuration, figuring out what the different passwords do can be a little confusing at first. But as I tell all my students, the key to understanding something that looks complex is to break it down to smaller parts.

Having said that, let's take a look at a typical running configuration and then break it down line by line to make sure you understand what each password is doing. This is a must for success on exam day and on the job!

Username r1 password router

Username chris password Bryant

Username david password stimpson

Enable password cisco

Enable secret ccna

Service password-encryption

Line console0

Login

Password passexam

Line vty 0 4

Login

Password ccnp

There's a lot going on in that little configuration. Working from top to bottom, let's take a look at what each section does.

Username r1 password router

Username chris password Bryant

Username david password stimpson

The username / password combination creates a local database that the router will use to authentication users connecting on your BRI lines, and it's also used to authenticate users connecting via telnet!

To use the local database instead of a common VTY password:

Line vty 0 4

Login local

This allows each user to have their own password instead of everyone using the single VTY line password.

Enable password cisco

Enable secret ccna

The enable password and enable secret commands are used to do the same thing – protect privileged exec mode, more commonly referred to as enable mode.

Why use both? The enable password is still in use for backwards compatibility. Most routers are configured with both, and they'll probably be different. (This is because the router's going to prompt you for a different password for one if you try to set them both to the same word.)

If we only have one enable mode to protect, but two different passwords, which one should a user enter? The enable secret – because the enable secret always has precedence over the enable password. No exceptions. (We don't get to say that very often in Ciscoland, do we? J )

There's one other major difference. The enable secret is encrypted by default the enable password is displayed in clear text. Actually, all the other passwords you see above will be displayed in clear text by default.

Service password-encryption

This default can be changed by activating a Cisco router service that's off by default. Run the service password-encryption command to encrypt all passwords in your configuration.

Before a user gets to enable mode, though, there may be a password to start working at the console to begin with. This password has to be entered just to get to user exec (assuming the previous user logged out fully and correctly!).

Line console0

Login

Password passexam

Note that there are two commands. You need to enable the password function with the "login" command, and then set a password. The order in which you enter these two commands does not matter – just make sure you enter them both!

Line vty 0 4

Login

Password ccnp

Of course, the VTY lines are used to enable Telnet connectivity and to set a password. Cisco requires a password be set for Telnet access, and this basic configuration will prompt any user for the one single password. This password would apply to all five simultaneous Telnet connections if more than one user were telnetting in at once.

For much more on Telnet, read my tutorial on the subject, found at www.thebryantadvantage.com .

To get your CCNA, you've got to be more than ready for password questions. Whether you're asked to set one or troubleshoot an existing configuration on an exam or on the job, these should be second nature to you. And they will be, once you break a configuration like this into smaller parts.

To your success,

Chris Bryant

CCIE #12933

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage. The Bryant Advantage offers dozens of FREE CCNA and CCNP tutorials and articles. The Bryant Advantage sells the world's most comprehensive CCNA Study Guide, and my exclusive Binary Math and Subnetting Mastery book. My $299 CCNA Online Fast Track is the world's fastest-growing CCNA course. Visit http://www.thebryantadvantage.com today!

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To learn more about Telepresence, the revolutionary new style of immersive video conferencing; visit these websites:

Telepresence - "Ride on the Next Plane of Existence" - Telepresence
Telepresence Web Portal - Telepresence Internet web portal
Telepresence Report - 24/7 breaking Telepresence related news and information
Via Telepresence - Video conferencing via Telepresence
Telepresence Forum - Free user discussion forum for everything Telepresence related
Telepresence Today - Telepresence information and editor qualified headline news
Telepresence Resource Directory - Telepresence web resource directory
Telepresence Tube - Telepresence videos, pictures and more